Back to Africa Movement: Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. DuBois, and Booker T. Washington
In the aftermath of Civil War and Reconstruction, African Americans failed to receive full rights as freed slaves. During the Jim Crow period, African Americans were subjected to violence, lynching, segregation, and disenfranchisement. White society for the most part refused to treat them as equals. Many African Americans rose up against unfair treatment and misrepresentation fighting for equal rights, voting rights, and economic opportunities. Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Dubois, and Booker T. Washington were all visionaries and leading figures for the African American community in the early twentieth century. Although their philosophies differed, all shared a common goal of creating a prosperous and thriving black community.
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