U.S History: Western Expansion- Trail of Tears

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Trail of Tears are two of the darkest moments in our nation’s history. As the United States grew in population and size so too did the vision of what all the nation should be and what lands it should encompass. Unfortunately for American Indians like the Cherokee, they were not a part of this national vision. They were forced from their homes by dubious treaties to occupy lands west of the Mississippi River. The journey was difficult, supplies were scarce, and many died of disease or exposure on their westward trip. Due to the difficulty of the journey and the loss of life it became known as the Trail of Tears. American Indian land and homes left behind were immediately auctioned off and occupied by white settlers. Even that land would not be enough to satisfy the growing United States, and by 1907 many of the lands promised American Indians were back in government hands. 

Standards & Objectives

Learning objectives: 
  • The student will recognize the Indian Removal Act.
  • The student will explain the Trail of Tears.
  • The student will analyze primary sources to determine the effect of the Trail of Tears upon the American Indians who participated.
  • The student will write a journal entry in which he/she takes on the role of a participating party during the Trail of Tears. 

Lesson Variations

Blooms taxonomy level: 
Applying
Extension suggestions: 

To extend the lesson, there are several projects that you can add. These projects are excellent for stimulating student creativity and providing reinforcement opportunities. Here is one example: 
Though the Cherokee are the most recognizable tribe in regards to the Trail of Tears, they were by no means the only American Indians to be removed from their homes. Have your students research the Seminoles and their experience with the Trail of Tears. Then have your students compare the Seminoles’ experience with the Cherokee experience. How were the Seminole different from the Cherokee? In what ways did the United States force them to leave their lands?

Helpful Hints

Materials:

  • PowerPoint: “Without A Sign”: The Trail of Tears
  • Primary Source Packet (Laminated)
  • H.I.P.P.O. Worksheet
  • “Student Teachers” Roster Sheet
  • Journal Entry Rubric
  • Map Analysis Worksheet